Subtraction is the mathematical operation of finding the difference between numbers. It answers questions like "how many are left?" and "how many more?" Understanding subtraction is essential for everyday tasks like making change, measuring ingredients, and solving problems.

Subtraction is closely related to addition — they are inverse operations. This relationship is important: knowing that 8 + 5 = 13 helps us understand that 13 - 5 = 8. Teaching addition and subtraction together helps students see these connections and build stronger number sense.

Common subtraction strategies include counting back, using known addition facts, and breaking numbers apart. For example, to subtract 48 - 29, a student might think: 48 - 30 = 18, then add 1 back to get 19. These mental math strategies become faster with practice.

Regular practice with subtraction builds the fluency needed for more advanced math. Whether solving word problems, calculating distances, or working with negative numbers later on, strong subtraction skills provide a solid foundation for mathematical success.